OPERATION FORTITUDE

            One reason the Allies chose Normandy as the D-Day invasion site was it would be a surprise.  That element of surprise was crucial and needed to be maintained.  Fortunately, the Germans (specifically Hitler) were fixated on the Allies doing what they would do –  invade the closest place to Read more…

TOPSY THE ELEPHANT

            On Jan. 4, 1903, probably the first filmed killing of an animal occurred.  The famous victim was Topsy the elephant.  Topsy (named after a character in “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”) had been smuggled into America from Southeast Asia by a circus in 1875.  The circus was a rival of Barnum Read more…

OPERATION UNDERWORLD

            In Feb., 1942 the French ocean liner SS Normandie was being converted into the troop ship USS Lafayette in New York harbor.  On Feb. 9, a fire broke out and the ship was badly damaged.  Although, officially proclaimed an accident, the Office of Naval Intelligence suspected sabotage.  Questioning of Read more…

THE MONTHS

 In 738 B.C., the Romans adopted the ten-month lunar calendar from the Greeks.  Those months were Martius (named for Mars – the god of war), Aprilius (named for aperio which means “to open” – a reference to flowers blooming in spring), Maius (named for the goddess who was in charge Read more…

ROMAN TOILETS

                The Ancient Romans were known for their relative cleanliness in comparison to other ancient peoples, and especially in comparison to medieval man.  They had the public baths for bathing.  These popular sites were cheap enough for even the poor to visit weekly, if not daily.  Plus, the baths offered Read more…

EGYPTIAN CATS

                Everyone knows the Ancient Egyptians loved their cats.  There are thousands of cat statues and mummified cats left from that time.  Heck, there were so many mummified cats, that later Egyptian farmers would crush them and use them to fertilize their fields.  Modern archeologists have challenged this belief in Read more…